The cold-formed steel is harder and stronger than hot-formed formed for same chemical grade without additional heat treatments.

Generally, cold-rolled steel tends to be stronger and harder than hot-rolled steel due to the work-hardening effect that occurs during the cold-forming process.

The strength of hot rolled and cold worked steel depends on their grade. So Grade 60 steel will have fy = 60 KSI for both types of steel.

Hot rolling is done in the mills when the steel is hot (900 deg. C) which involves giving it deformations on the surface i.e. ribs so that it can form a bond with concrete. The stress-strain curve shows a distinct plastic stage after yielding, followed by the strain-hardening stage.

Cold working involves twisting or drawing the hot rolled bars at room temperature. This effectively eliminates the Plastic Stage in the Stress-Strain curve and follows the strain-hardening stage after yielding. Due to the removal of the plastic stage, it has lower ductility than Hot Rolled bars.

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