Spring steel refers to steel specifically used for the manufacture of springs and elastic elements due to its elasticity in the quenched and tempered state. The elasticity of steel depends on its ability to elastically deform, that is, within a specified range, its ability to elastically deform allows it to withstand a certain load without permanent deformation after the load is removed. Spring steel should have excellent comprehensive properties, such as mechanical properties (especially elastic limit, strength limit, and yield-to-strength ratio), elasticity resistance (i.e., elasticity resistance, also known as relaxation resistance), fatigue properties, and hardenability, physical and chemical properties (heat resistance, low temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, etc.). In order to meet the above performance requirements, spring steel has excellent metallurgical quality (high purity and uniformity), good surface quality (strict control of surface defects and decarburization), precise shape and size.

Spring steel is steel for mechanical structures; according to the quality grade, it belongs to special quality steel, that is, steel that requires particularly strict quality and performance control during the production process; it can be divided into carbon spring steel and alloy spring steel.
1. Carbon spring steel: The most commonly used materials are: No. 65, No. 70, 65Mn, 82B, 72A, and 72B steel wire. It is characterized by low plasticity, strong elasticity, and strong stress resistance. Usage: Mostly used in Simmons beds, automobiles and various cushions, machinery manufacturing, stationery and power tools, sports equipment, torsion springs, tension springs, electrical equipment and other industries. Specification range: wire diameter Φ0.20mm-Φ6.50mm. Standard: National standard for carbon spring steel wire GB/T 4357-2022. Main use: used to manufacture springs that are wound and formed in a cold state without quenching.
2. Alloy spring steel: Alloy spring steel is a type of steel used to make springs or other elastic parts. Spring generally works under alternating stress, and the common form of damage is fatigue damage. Therefore, alloy spring steel must have a high yield point and yield ratio (σs/σb), elastic limit, and fatigue resistance to ensure that the spring has Sufficient elastic deformation capacity and the ability to withstand large loads. At the same time, alloy spring steel is also required to have a certain degree of plasticity and toughness, a certain degree of hardenability, and is not easy to decarburize and not easy to overheat. Some special springs also require heat resistance, corrosion resistance or stable elasticity over a long period of time. Both medium carbon steel and high carbon steel can be used as springs, but due to their low hardenability and strength, they can only be used to make springs with smaller cross-sections and smaller forces. Alloy spring steel can produce important springs with larger cross-sections and higher yield limits. In some situations with specific requirements, such as in environments with high pH and humidity, stainless steel materials are often used to make springs. The material of mold spring is generally chromium alloy steel. Chromium alloy spring steel has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, high rigidity and long life.
In addition, some grades are also selected as spring steel from other steel types, such as high-quality carbon structural steel, carbon tool steel, high-speed tool steel, and stainless steel.

Spring steel refers to special alloy steel used to manufacture various types of springs and other elastic components. According to performance requirements and usage conditions, it can be divided into ordinary alloy spring steel and special alloy spring steel. Spring steel has excellent comprehensive properties. Spring steel has excellent metallurgical quality (high purity and uniformity), good surface quality (strict control of surface defects and decarburization), and precise shape and size.
Spring steel refers to steel specifically used for the manufacture of springs and elastic elements due to its elasticity in the quenched and tempered state. The elasticity of steel depends on its ability to elastically deform, that is, within a specified range, its ability to elastically deform allows it to withstand a certain load without permanent deformation after the load is removed.
Classification of spring steel:
1. Carbon spring steel
The carbon content (mass fraction) of carbon spring steel is generally 0.62%~0.90%. According to its manganese content, it is divided into two categories: general manganese content (mass fraction), (0.50%~0.80%) such as 65, 70, 85, and higher manganese content (mass fraction), (0.90~1.20%), such as 65Mn.
2. Alloy spring steel
Alloy spring steel is based on carbon steel, by appropriately adding one or several alloying elements to improve the mechanical properties, hardenability and other properties of the steel to meet the performance requirements for manufacturing various springs.
The basic series of alloy spring steel include silicon-manganese spring steel, silicon-chromium spring steel, chromium-manganese spring steel, chromium-vanadium spring steel, tungsten-chromium-vanadium spring steel, etc. On the basis of these series, some grades have added alloying elements such as molybdenum, vanadium or boron in order to improve some aspects of their performance.

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