① If the pH value is high, the steel plate will easily adhere to the hydroxide sol on the cathode, which will make the coating black, rough, and brittle;

② The decrease in pH value accelerates the dissolution of the anode. At the same time, as zinc ions increase, the coating will become rough and have poor bonding force.

Solution: To prevent pH changes, we can add pH buffers to the electrolyte, such as boric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, sodium acetate, sodium fluoride, etc. Boric acid and sodium acetate are currently commonly used.

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